Ntawv Hmoob

Keeb (Consonant)

c   ch   d   dh   dl   dlh   f   h   hl   hm   hn   hny   g   k   kh   l   m   ml   n   nc   nch   ndl   nk   nkh   np   nph   npl   nplh   nq   nqh   nr   nrh   nt   nth  nts   ntsh   ntx   ntxh   ny   p   ph   pl   plh   q   qh   r   rh   s   t   th   ts   tsh   tx   txh   v   x   xy   y   z


Suab (Vowel)

a   aa   ai   au   aw   e   ee   i   ia   o   oo   u   ua   w


Cim (Tone)

--   cim ua (neutral tone)
b    cim siab
m   cim niam

j    cim ntuj
v   cim kuv
s   cim mus
g   cim neeg

d   cim tod


Kab lus piv txwv (sample sentences)

Nyob zoo
How are you?

Kuv yog Ywj Pheej Xyooj. Koj npe hu cas?
I'm Yuepheng Xiong. What is your name?

Koj tuaj qhov twg tuaj?
Where are you from?

Kuv tuaj Meskas tuaj.
I'm from America.

 

Sib ntsib dua.

See you again or see you later.

 

Mus zoo.

Bye.

HISTORY OF HMONG WRITINGS

Peb Hmoob muaj dab neeg tias thaum ub peb yeej muaj ntawv tab sis ploj lawm xwb. Peb muaj lo lus rau daim ntawv hu ua ntawv. Kab ntawv mas tej pawg Hmoob hu ua ntawv. Tej pawg li cov Hmub nyob xeev Kim Tsawb hu kab ntawv ua leb. Peb kuj muaj tej zaj dab neeg li Maum Nyaj Lwj hais txog sau ntawv pov rau zaj qhov ncauj ces zaj qhov ncauj qhib los yog sau pov rau qhov tsua ces qhov tsua qhib. Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb thiaj hais tias Hmoob yeej paub txog ntawv los ntev heev lawm. 

 

Qhov muaj ntawv mas tej zaum Hmoob yeej muaj tiag, vim tias xyoo 1700 tawm tseem fwv Suav kuj sau tseg rau hauv keeb kwm tias lawv txwv tsis pub cov Hmoob nyob rau xeev Huj Naj kawm lawv tus ntawv Hmoob. Qhov no qhia tias Hmoob yeej muaj ib tus ntawv lub caij ntawd. Qhov suav daws tsis paub thiab tsis pom ces yog qhov tias tus ntawv ntawd zoo li cas, thiab tsis paub tias cov Hmoob ho kawm tus ntawv ntawd mus dav npaum li cas lawm. Ua ntej xyoo 1700 rov tod mas kuj tsis tau tshawb pom muaj ntaub ntawv los yog keeb kwm hais txog tus ntawv Hmoob. 

Hmoob muaj ob peb zaj dab neeg hais txog qhov Hmoob tus ntawv ploj lawm. Ib zaj hais tias thaum khiav teb khiav chaw mas Hmoob ua tus ntawv poob rau hauv hav dej tshoob mus lawm. Ib zaj hos hais tias yog nyuj muab noj lawm. Hos ib txhia kuj hais tias yog Hmoob tshaib plab es Hmoob muab noj lawm. Tej dab neeg no zoo li tsis muaj ib qho tseeb tiag tiag uas me nyuam Hmoob yuav ntseeg tau. Yog vim li cas dej tshoob los yog nyuj noj lawm xwb es Hmoob txawm cia li yuav tsis paub Hmoob tus ntawv li lawm? Dej tshoob es txawm tshoob txhua txhau phau li lawm lod? Nyuj noj es txawm noj txhua txhau phau li lod? Los yog Hmoob tsuas tsim tau tib phau thiab muaj tib phau xwb? Lus nug mas tsis paub tag. Lus teb mas nrhiav tsis muaj. Li no, Joakim Enwall thiaj xaus lus tias yog Hmoob muaj ib tus ntawv mas tej zaum tus ntawv ntawd tseem tsis tau qoos tiag tiag los yog tseem tsis tau siv tau meej pem xws li koj sau los kuv yeej nyeem tau hos kuv sau los koj yeej nyeem tawm tib yam, es yog poob lawm ces suav daws thiaj li hnov qab txhua tus. Yog tias Hmoob muaj ib tus ntawv uas suav daws paub coob heev lawm mas yuav tsis lam ploj yooj yim tau. Ib qho uas ib tus ntawv yuav ploj tau ntsiag to kuj yog kev txwv thiab yuam los ntawm Suav. Qhov no kuj tsis yog ib qho uas suav daws yuav tsis xav txog.

Txij xyoo 1900s los, muaj ntau tus neeg tau tsim ntau tus ntawv rau Hmoob. Xyoo 1904, Samuel Pollard, uas yog ib tus neeg Askiv qhia txog Vaj Tswv, tau mus nyob rau Tsaub Thoob, xeev Yuj Naj. Nws tau tsim ib tus ntawv rau Hmoob hu ua Ntawv Pollard. Tus ntawv no cov Hmoob nyob rau Tsaub Thoob thiab Vej Nees tau kawm thiab paub coob heev. Lawv yeej muaj phau Vaj Lug Kub thiab phau nkauj sau tus ntawv Pollard no. Tib lub caij no kuj muaj lwm tus neeg tawv dawb tsim ntawv Hmoob rau Hmoob. Lub hom phiaj yog xav kom cov Hmoob nyeem tau Vaj Lug Kub. Xyoo 1917, Txiv Plig M. Savina kuj luam tawm ib phau txhais lus Hmoob rau Fabkis. Tab sis nws tus ntawv no yeej tsis muaj neeg paub txog thiab kawm tau li. Hmong Archives yog tib qhov chaw uas paub tias muaj Savina phau txhais Hmoob rau no. Saib qhov txuas no.

Xyoo 1953 nyob hauv teb chaws Nplog, ob tus Meskas (William Smalley thiab Linwood Barney) thiab ib tus Fabkis (Yves Bertrais los yog Txiv Plig Nyiaj Pov) kuj tsim tau tus ntawv no rau Hmoob. Tib lub caij nyoog no nyob rau teb chaws Suav, tseem fwv Suav kuj siv Romanized Popular Alphabets (RPA) tsim tau peb tus ntawv rau cov Hmoob Suav, ib tus rau cov nyob sab hnub tuaj, ib tus rau cov nyob hauv nruab nrab, hos ib tus rau cov Hmoob sab hnub poob. Niaj hnub no lawv tseem siv. Cov Hmoob Nyab laj los kuj muaj ib tus ntawv uas tseem fwv Nyab laj siv RPA tsim rau. Tab sis tus ntawv no mas tsawg tsawg tus neeg thiaj li paub lawm xwb. Hauv teb chaws Nplog los kuj muaj tus ntawv Hmoob uas muab ntawv Nplog tsim. Tab sis niaj hnub no yeej tsis muaj neeg siv lawm. 

Xyoo 1959, Soob Lwj Yaj, yog ib tus Hmoob nyob rau teb chaws Nyab laj qaum teb, kuj tsim tau ib tus ntawv, niaj hnub no suav daws paub hu ua Ntawv Phaj Hauj, Ntawv Caub Fab, Ntawv Niam Ntawv, los yog Ntawv Soob Lwj. Tus ntawv no kuj muaj ib txhia neeg kawm. Niaj hnub no tus Ntawv Soob Lwj no ncaus ua peb lawj. Dhau no mus, peb kuj tseem muaj tus Ntawv Puaj Txwm, Ntawv Txawj Zeb Xyooj, Ntawv Tsuj Yig Vaj, Ntawv Paj Ntaub/Txawj Vag Koo, Ntawv Paj Ntaub/Nom Dawb Xyooj, thiab lwm tus ntawv.

Mam sau txuas ntxiv.

http://www.hmonglanguage.net/index.php/what-s-new-on-hmonglanguage/112-history-of-hmong-writings

Kawm ntawv hmoob

Mong Njua and Hmong Daw are part of a dialect cluster known in China as Chuanqiandian Miao, that is, "Sichuan–Guizhou–Yunnan Miao", called the "Chuanqiandian cluster" in English, as Western Hmongic is also called Chuanqiandian. Mong Njua and Hmong Daw are just those varieties of the cluster which migrated to Laos; the Western names Mong Njua, Mong Leng, Hmong Dleu/Der, andHmong Daw are also used in China for various dialects of the Chuanqiandian cluster.

Ethnologue once distinguished only the Laotian varieties (Hmong Daw, Mong Njua), Sinicized Miao (Hmong Shua), and the Vietnamese varieties (Hmong Do, Hmong Don). The Vietnamese varieties are very poorly known; population estimates are not even available. In 2007, Horned Miao, Small Flowery Miao, and the Chuanqiandian cluster of China were split off from Mong Njua [blu].^[5]These varieties are as follows, along with some alternate names ('Ch.' = Chinese name, 'auto.' = autonym [self name]):

• Hmong Daw (White Miao, Ch. Bai Miao, auto. Hmoob Dawb; Forest Miao, Hmong Rongd; Hmong Dleu / Hmongb Dleub)
• Mong Njua (Blue Miao, Green Miao, Ch. Qing Miao; Hmoob Ntsuab / Hmongb Nzhuab; in the US, also Mong Leng / Len, auto. Moob Leeg; Hmongb Shib)
• Hmong Shua (Sinicized Miao, auto. Hmongb Shuat)
• Horned Miao (Ch. Jiao Miao, auto. Hmo or A-Hmo)
• Hmong Do
• Hmong Don (assumed)
• the part of the Chuanqiandian cluster located in China.

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) stated that the White and Green dialects "are said to be mutually intelligible to a well-trained ear, with pronunciation and vocabulary differences analogous to the differences between British and American English."^[6]

Many of the above names used outside (White Miao, Blue/Green Miao, Flowery Miao, Mong Leng, etc.) are also used in China. Several Chinese varieties may be more distinct than the varieties listed above:

• Dananshan Miao (Hmong Dou, auto. Hmong Drout Raol, Hmong Hout Lab), the basis of the Chinese standard of the Chuanqiandian cluster
• Black Miao (Ch. Hei Miao, auto. of sub-groups: Hmong Dlob, Hmong Buak / Hmoob Puas)^[7]
• Southern Hmong (auto. of sub-groups: Hmongb Shib, Hmongb Nzhuab, Hmongb Lens, Hmongb Dlex Nchab, Hmongb Sad; includes some of Mong Njua above)
• Northern Hmong (auto. of sub-groups: Hmongb Soud, Hmong Be / Hmongb Bes, Hmongb Ndrous)
• Western Sichuan Miao (Ch. Chuan Miao)

In the 2007 request to establish an ISO code for the Chuanqiandian cluster, corresponding to the "first local dialect" (第一土語) of the Chuanqiandian cluster in Chinese, the proposer made the following statement on mutual intelligibility:^[8]

A colleague has talked with speakers of a number of these closely-related lects in the US, in Thailand and in China, and has had many discussions with Chinese linguists and foreign researchers or community development workers who have had extensive contact with speakers of these lects. As a result of these conversations this colleague believes that many of these lects are likely to have high inherent mutual intelligibility within the cluster. Culturally, while each sub-group prides itself on its own distinctives, they also recognize that other sub-groups within this category are culturally similar to themselves and accept the others as members of the same general ethnic group. However, this category of lects is internally varied and geographically scattered and mixed over a broad land area, and comprehensive intelligibility testing would be required to confirm reports of mutual intelligibility throughout the cluster.

Hmong Language lesson-1 



Hmong Language lesson-2 



Hmong Language lesson-3 



Hmong Language lesson-4